added the TI-74 BASIC port and the mu808asm'MU74 export support

2025-04-27 16:53:48 +03:00
parent 66c5befb9b
commit 192656fef8
3 changed files with 152 additions and 2 deletions
@@ -303,7 +303,10 @@ Reference implementations
 * [Python 3](mu808asm.py): supports assembling MU8A source files into both
  plain text (MU8) and binary (MU8B) machine code formats. Also supports
  disassembling MU8 and MU8B files into their MU8A sources and converting
-  machine code between MU8 and MU8B formats.
+  machine code between MU8 and MU8B formats. Additionally, this assembler
+  implementation provides the `t74` mode to convert plaintext MU8 machine code
+  into the format suitable for entering into TI-74 BASIC for running on the
+  TI-74 port of mu808 (see below).

 These lists are going to be expanded as soon as new reference implementations
 appear.
@@ -331,6 +334,59 @@ keys of the standard phone keypad, the following convention is recommended:
 * the `#` (pound) key actually confirms entering a single number field, and
  all instructions are required to contain exactly five numbers.

+Retro/minimal platform implementations
+--------------------------------------
+Here's the list of known/existing mu808 implementations that adhere to the
+specification to most extent and run compatible machine code but cannot 
+provide full operating environment functionality due to the limits of the
+platform itself.
+
+### TI-74 BASIC
+
+The [mu808.b74](mu808.b74) file contains a BASIC port of mu808 for the Texas
+Instruments TI-74 portable computer (tested on the TI-74S variant). Due to
+the resource constraints, the following limitations apply:
+
+* only 149 program steps and 256 data cells supported (adjustable at line 110),
+* no interactive mode (the `RUN` command directly executes the predefined
+  program in the VM),
+* the program itself is entered into the DATA statements in the so-called
+  MU74 format (see below),
+* no support for I/O port 2, tracing or intruction dumping,
+* no boundary checks for the addresses inside the program.
+
+Also, since the VM runs on top of a BASIC interpreter, program execution is
+extremely slow most of the time. Keep in mind, this is more of a proof of
+concept than a viable solution, and using the "native" TI BASIC is preferred
+for any serious computing on that machine.
+
+In order to store your programs on the device to run via this mu808 VM version,
+you need to enter them in DATA statements in two-number pairs starting from
+`DATA 0,0` at the BASIC line 5000. The last `DATA` line of the program must be
+`DATA -1,0`. In between these two, every program instruction `lno cmd a1 a2 a3`
+must be compressed into the form:
+```
+[5000+lno] DATA [cmd*10000 + a1], [a2 * 10000 + a3]
+```
+This storage format is called MU74. For example, the compound interest
+calculator from the official mu808 examples will transform into:
+```
+5000 DATA 0,0
+5001 DATA 50100,1
+5002 DATA 40002,30000
+5003 DATA 90002,10004
+5004 DATA 50001,5
+5005 DATA 70005,40005
+5006 DATA 130001,50005
+5007 DATA 70000,30005
+5008 DATA 130000,50005
+5009 DATA 30005,50000
+5010 DATA -1,0
+```
+To make the conversion easier, the official mu808 assembler, `mu808asm.py`, now
+supports the `t74` mode that accepts a plain MU8 machine code file and outputs
+the same program in the MU74 format.
+
 FAQ
 ---

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+100 RANDOMIZE:RAD
+110 DIM PMEM(300),DMEM(256)
+120 RESTORE 5000
+130 I=0
+140 READ PMEM(I), PMEM(I+1)
+150 I=I+2
+160 IF PMEM(I-2)>-1 THEN 140
+170 L=1:IAT,V1,V2,V3=0
+180 M=L+L:A=PMEM(M):B=PMEM(M+1)
+190 IF A<0 THEN 730
+200 CMD=INT(A/10000)
+210 IF IAT=1 THEN 220 ELSE 230
+220 X=INT(V1):Y=INT(V2):Z=INT(V3):IAT=0:GOTO 240
+230 X=A-CMD*10000:Y=INT(B/10000):Z=B-Y*10000
+240 V1,V2,V3=0
+250 IF CMD=5 THEN DMEM(Z)=X+(Y/10000):GOTO 720
+260 V1=DMEM(X):V2=DMEM(Y):V3=DMEM(Z)
+270 IF CMD=1 THEN 280 ELSE 420
+280 IF X=0 AND V2=0 THEN L=Z-1:GOTO 720
+290 IF X=1 AND V2>0 THEN L=Z-1:GOTO 720
+300 IF X=2 AND V2<0 THEN L=Z-1:GOTO 720
+310 IF X=3 AND V2>=0 THEN L=Z-1:GOTO 720
+320 IF X=4 AND V2<=0 THEN L=Z-1:GOTO 720
+330 IF X=5 AND V2<>0 THEN L=Z-1:GOTO 720
+340 IF X=6 THEN L=Z-1:GOTO 720
+350 IF X=7 AND V2=0 THEN L=INT(V3)-1:GOTO 720
+360 IF X=8 AND V2>0 THEN L=INT(V3)-1:GOTO 720
+370 IF X=9 AND V2<0 THEN L=INT(V3)-1:GOTO 720
+380 IF X=10 AND V2>=0 THEN L=INT(V3)-1:GOTO 720
+390 IF X=11 AND V2<=0 THEN L=INT(V3)-1:GOTO 720
+400 IF X=12 AND V2<>0 THEN L=INT(V3)-1:GOTO 720
+410 IF X=13 THEN L=INT(V3)-1:GOTO 720
+420 IF CMD=2 THEN IAT=1:GOTO 720
+430 IF CMD=3 THEN 440 ELSE 490
+440 FOR I=X TO Y
+450 IF Z=0 THEN PRINT(DMEM(I)):PAUSE
+460 IF Z=1 THEN 470 ELSE 480
+470 IF DMEM(I)=10 THEN PAUSE ELSE PRINT(CHR$(INT(DMEM(I))));
+480 NEXT I:GOTO 720
+490 IF CMD=4 THEN 500 ELSE 530
+500 FOR I=X TO Y
+510 IF Z=0 THEN INPUT DMEM(I)
+520 NEXT I:GOTO 720
+530 IF CMD=6 THEN 540 ELSE 570
+540 IF X=0 THEN DMEM(Z)=Y:GOTO 720
+550 IF X=1 THEN DMEM(Z)=V2:GOTO 720
+560 IF X>1 THEN DMEM(INT(V3))=DMEM(INT(V2)):GOTO 720
+570 IF CMD=7 THEN DMEM(Z)=V1+V2*V3:GOTO 720
+580 IF CMD=8 THEN DMEM(Z)=V1-V2:GOTO 720
+590 IF CMD=9 THEN 600 ELSE 610
+600 IF V2=0 THEN DMEM(Z)=0:GOTO 720 ELSE DMEM(Z)=V1/V2:GOTO 720
+610 IF CMD=10 THEN 620 ELSE 630
+620 IF V2=0 THEN DMEM(Z)=INT(V1):GOTO 720 ELSE DMEM(Z)=V1-V2*INT(V1/V2):GOTO 720
+630 IF CMD=11 THEN DMEM(Z)=ABS(V2):GOTO 720
+640 IF CMD=12 THEN DMEM(Z)=SQR(ABS(V2)):GOTO 720
+650 IF CMD=13 THEN 660 ELSE 670
+660 IF X=0 THEN DMEM(Z)=EXP(V2):GOTO 720 ELSE DMEM(Z)=LN(ABS(V2)):GOTO 720
+670 IF CMD=14 THEN 680 ELSE 710
+680 IF X=0 THEN DMEM(Z)=SIN(V2):GOTO 720
+690 IF X=1 THEN DMEM(Z)=COS(V2):GOTO 720
+700 IF X>1 THEN DMEM(Z)=ATN(V2):GOTO 720
+710 IF CMD=15 THEN DMEM(Z)=INT(V1)+INT(RND*(INT(V2)-INT(V1)+1))
+720 L=L+1:GOTO 180
+730 END
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # a simple assembler/disassembler for the mu808 VM
 # supports both text and binary program formats
-# usage: mu808asm [at|ab|dt|db|t2b|b2t] file outfile
+# usage: mu808asm [at|ab|dt|db|t2b|b2t|t74] file outfile
 # modes:
 # at: assemble to plaintext (MU8) machine code
 # ab: assemble to binary (MU8B) machine code
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 # db: disassemble binary (MU8B) machine code
 # t2b: convert from plaintext MU8 to binary MU8B
 # b2t: convert from binary MU8B to plaintext MU8
+# t74: convert from plaintext MU8 to the TI-74 representation

 import sys, re, struct

@@ -132,6 +133,33 @@ def totext(binrep):
        out += ' '.join([str(lno), str(cmd), str(x), str(y), str(z)]) + '\n'
    return out

+# converts the MU8 plaintext machine code to the TI-74 DATA statements (MU74)
+def ti74data(txtrep:str, baseaddr:int=5000):
+    instrs = [] # instruction list to store here
+    vreg = re.compile(r'\s+')
+    iindex = 0
+    instr = []
+    for instrpart in vreg.split(txtrep):
+        if iindex == 5:
+            instrs.append(instr)
+            instr = []
+            iindex = 0
+        if len(instrpart) > 0:
+            instr.append(int(instrpart))
+        iindex += 1
+    # now, instrs contains 5-number groups
+    out = f'{baseaddr} DATA 0,0\n'
+    maxlno = 0
+    for instr in instrs:
+        lno, cmd, x, y, z = instr
+        if lno > maxlno:
+            maxlno = lno
+        a = cmd*10000 + x
+        b = y*10000 + z
+        out += f'{baseaddr + lno} DATA {a},{b}\n'
+    out += f'{baseaddr + maxlno + 1} DATA -1,0\n'
+    return out
+
 def main():
    if len(sys.argv) < 4:
        print("Usage: mu808asm [at|ab|dt|db|t2b|b2t] file outfile")
@@ -162,6 +190,8 @@ def main():
        elif mode == 'db': # disassemble binary
            srctext = totext(srctext)
            output = disassemble(srctext)
+        elif mode == 't74': # convert to TI-74 DATA statements
+            output = ti74data(srctext)
        else: # assemble
            output = assemble(srctext) # default mode
            if mode == 'ab':